Basics:
· Hearing – Hearing, Listening, Perceiving
· Breath Control – Lung Capacity and Control of Lung Pressure
· Riyaz – Practice
· Physical and Mental Fitness

Take care of your voice: · Do not shout.
· Do not whisper.
· Refrain from too hot or too cold food.
· Never overeat.
· Drink sips of water between 1-2 hrs.
· Never talk to the last breath. i.e. never use the residual capacity of lungs.
· Sing or speak in your optimum volume and optimum pitch.
· Sit or stand in correct posture: backbone, neck, shoulders, chin.
· Never neglect voice or ear disorders or discomforts. Treat them immediately.   Remember a stitch in time saves nine.
· Never overstrain the voice and ears.
· Relax the voice muscles and brain (by using relaxing techniques) as many times   as possible.
· Do not hear through earphones when not necessary.
· Take long breaths every ½ hr.
· Give rest to your voice & ear in the ‘rest’ period. i.e. Try to avoid talking &    listening others talks.
· Do not breathe through mouth.
· Avoid smoking or tobacco intake in any form.
· Release extra stress of hearing & talking by pronouncing ‘a’ (as in avoid) for   mental fatigue and/or ‘h’ (as in her) for physical fatigue, while exhaling long   breaths.
· Chant ‘Om’ in-between short breaks.

Few methods to develop or culture the voice:
A. General Exercises
· Pronounce r r r r, b r r r, p h r r r r, b h r r r r (pronunciation of ‘r’ should be on   the lips.)
· Puffing the mouth with air
· Rolling the tongue
· Nasal humming – nasal, in different pitches
· Making Faces, mocking

B. Music Exercises
· Listen to the tanpura for a while. Try to understand the differences in the swars,   their volume differences, the laya of the tanpura, etc.
· Hum prolonged sa at least 3 times
· Hum sa, pa, sa, etc. for a few minutes daily.
· Allot separate time for riyaz of every section of the music. eg. Mandra sadhana,   taar sadhana, aalap, taan, voice stability, sur, taal, meend, gamak, khatka,   vilambit, drut, etc.
· Listen analytically to your own voice details

C. Yogic Practice
· Omkar – A + U + M + nasal shift
· Kapalbhati
· Breathing – Abdominal, Chest, Shoulder, Yogic and Deep.
· Neti
· Brahma Mudra / Datta Mudra
· Sinha Mudra
· Mukha dhauti
· Naad Dharana
· Omkar for Wani Shuddhi – Manasik Uchar
· Trataka
· Pranayam – Ujjayi, Bhasrika, Nadi Shodhan / Anulom – Vilom, Bhramari

D. Using the Microphone
· Holding, distance
· Articulation/ avoiding blasts
· Use singers’ microphone.